Carbon, one of the most abundant take into account nature, has the ability to be put together chemically with itself with other elements by solid covalent bonds resulting in a selection of structures that enable the roll-out of materials of various properties. Often the carbon materials can be extremely tough as diamond or graphite as easily delaminated, extremely dense, high strength (composite materials carbon / carbon), and therefore suitable for structural apps (aircraft and racing cars), or very porous (activated carbon); the latter getting useful as adsorbents regarding energy storage or as being a support for catalysts. They could be highly conductive (graphite) or maybe insulating (vitreous carbon). This specific broad spectrum of qualities is reinforced by the proven fact that only carbon materials are prepared for operating at high temperatures from the most extreme conditions.

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The actual carbon materials have been obtained much attention with the finding of fullerenes and nanotubes. However , traditional carbon resources have played an important function since prehistoric times (pigment in cave paintings, a factor of gunpowder, writing) and possess contributed to the industrial in addition to technological development of our modern society (steel). The discovery connected with carbon fibers in the '60s, with its high strength and suppleness, was a major milestone inside development of these materials. Inside parallel, we discover the vitreous carbon, named after filing any conchoidal fracture surface, together with properties similar to glass, quite difficult and brittle. At the same time, the particular discovery of new structural kinds of graphitic carbon, needle as well as spherules, ostensibly contributed for the development of new carbon goods for very diverse purposes.

The excellent biocompatibility of as well as materials, discovered in the 1970's, its use in prostheses, affection and heart valves, and the like.

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In the early '80s, the creation of technology for producing obstructs of high density isotropic graphite allowed its use in hot temperature reactors, in devices associated with synthesis of semiconductor a variety of crystals including lemurian crystals and to components of electric relieve electrodes. At mid-80s, the roll-out of carbon fibers in city engineering, architectural systems (buildings, bridges) with the discovery regarding fullerenes. In the 90s, has been discovered nanotubes, opening a fresh era for carbon components: the era of the nanostructure. It is not just the world of co2 graphite flat structures as well as three-dimensional type diamond, yet we are now with closed buildings containing pentagons of carbon dioxide atoms and carbon pontoons with diameters in the nanometer scale, made of a linen simple curved carbon atoms in hexagonal distribution. The particular discovery of carbon nanotubes of a single wall (single) and multiple wall, triggered the interest of scientists and also engineers in fields relevant to nanotechnology. At the same time, new applying the materials of the class of graphite, such as anode supplies for Li-ion battery chargeable carbon fiber water purification, turned on carbon electrodes for electric powered double layer supercapacitors, and so forth.